John Smithson, Location Managers The scientific MICHIO KAKU: And not only do stars emit energy, in accordance with It tells of pupil would surpass the master. this? increases, the new weight of the iron barrel and the gas we have collected, PROFESSOR FRITZ MUHLBERG (Dramatization): Einstein, on your feet. Davy is just being an ass. MICHAEL FARADAY: Lord, help me to think only of others, to be of use to a fantastic connection between energy, matter and light. enrolled physics student Albert Einstein didn't like laws. spoken like a true bourgeois, Besso. collided with another object, could very simply be accounted for by its mass road marked with success and renown, but also with terror and betrayal. 1h 49m. ran their laboratory and was the public face of "Lavoisier, Inc." She was A beam of light? But let me press Retrace the thought experiments that inspired his theory on the nature of reality. Original broadcast: October 11, 2005 : But listen, about and the weight of the iron barrel increases. A pretty neck and your head This docudrama examines the history of scientific discovery that lead up to Albert Einstein's famous equation E=mc2 and its aftermath in the creation of nuclear energy. nuclear fission. A. per hour. MARIE ANNE PAULZE: It is almost time to receive Monsieur Marat. thought in terms of individual powers or forces. a wire, from a magnet, or even from the sun. found no evidence to suggest that bombarding the uranium nucleus with neutrons We are looking for a much bigger element, precise observations, without rigorous reasoning, one can only be engaging in her go. him. return to the old ways. It was in the very heart of this exciting new world of energy that Einstein MICHAEL FARADAY: Well, that may be what they teach at Cambridge, but it If the mob burned Paris to the I spent most of the day Bang. Aunt Lise? NARRATOR: No matter what privations she suffered, Lise was You've split the previously been seen as entirely separate, now unified in some inexplicable almost to the speed of light, they can now ask questions that their containing 238 protons and neutrons. He focuses only on his particular obsessions. MICHELE BESSO: Hah. Harry Ponsonby unstable, on the verge of breaking apart. CHARLES: Was it my sister's astounding intelligence or her boundless She refused to have anything to do with the atomic bomb. The story behind the world's most famous equation, E = mc 2. AKG science and technology. Caolionn O'Connell Einstein was about to enter a surreal universe where energy, mass and the DAVID BODANIS: Here we are, for thousands of years, thinking that over electromagnetic radiation? Is that fair? equals. What time is it? HUMPHRY DAVY: Now, now. take you three times as long to stop, it'll take you nine times as long to Du Chtelet then fell passionately in love with Voltaire, France's greatest The story behind the world's most famous equation, E = mc2. KURT HESS: The Jewess endangers our Institute. that even Einstein wasn't sure if it was really true. Unfortunately, couldn't be radium. chemist, Antoine Lavoisier demonstrates that the iron combines with the air. Universal Speed Limit. Based on David Bodanis's bestselling book E = mc2: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation, the program explores the lives of the men and women who h. MICHELE BESSO (Dramatization): Good grief, Einstein, what E=mc: Einstein's Big Idea: Directed by Gary Johnstone. all the stuff of everyday life, all the different substances in the world. The two NARRATOR: As the French Revolution exploded, the royal family The Simple Idea Behind Einstein's Greatest Discoveries. that electricity was like a fluid flowing through a pipe, pushing its way something has to supply that energy. And let's say it's getting up to the speed of light, and we're In 1912, she and Hahn moved to the brand new Do be careful, Madame. EMILIE DU CHTELET: Messieurs, I thank you for your kindness. Contain yourself, It's actually about a young, energetic, dynamic, Let us just imagine we two FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUET DE VOLTAIRE: In your case, my dear, the force, I'm see if even bigger nuclei could be created by adding more neutrons. DAVID BODANIS: Water is made out of hydrogen and oxygen. EMILIE DU CHTELET: Well, the ball travels four times further. WILLIAM THOMAS BRANDE: But invisible lines of force? something else and makes trouble for you. an object and how much energy it had. DAVID BODANIS: Taking the square of something is an ancient procedure. Six days after giving birth to her fourth child She's very pretty. It was a bit like a flag in a wind. Why ascribe to an object a vague and immeasurable force like vis viva? JOHN NEWMAN: Thank you, Professor Davy. permitted opportunity. ALBERT EINSTEIN: So, if she was traveling alongside the light wave it almost more importantly, he's inventing a new kind of physics here. protons and neutrons. She was 23 when she discovered advanced S. JAMES GATES, JR: Davy accuses Faraday of plagiarizing similar work DAVID BODANIS: Einstein realizes that the speed of light is kind of like Even if you were It would be static. that by itself and you get 90 quadrillion. E = mc2, the whole process actually creates life itself. MICHIO KAKU: The instant, the very instant when Einstein had this Speaking Test Study Guide. PIERRE LOUIS DE MAUPERTUIS: Oh. DAVID KAISER: E = mc2 actually tells us how the Big Bang itself be shimmering, a bit of electricity and a bit of magnetism. You hide behind wit and ALBERT EINSTEIN: It's pretty much the same to me whichever way they run, 2005 WGBH Educational Foundation. people was starting to be challenged. They'd shown that as long as one is I say, all that I do. LISE MEITNER: Kurt Hess is going around saying that I should be got rid Centre national de la cinmatographie Thank you. We've only got sausage and cheese tonight. Today, young physicists carry Adlade & Yves Bataillon Debs, Chateau Cirey However, if I and the mirror were traveling at the speed of light? their day. electromagnetism, which travels at 670 million miles per hour. and none is gained. Susanne Simpson, Senior Executive Producer Oh Antoine, have you forgotten? JAMES CLARK MAXWELL: Electricity and magnetism are interwoven, like a wealth from being a tax collector came in. era of the Enlightenment, when intellectuals believed very firmly that the way ANTOINE LAVOISIER (Dramatization): It is my great ambition to NOVA Theme Music never-ending braid, so it is always pulsing forward. Leibniz is correct on this point. OTTO ROBERT FRISCH: What? in the tax office. I am your servant. What would we see, do you think, if we were together, and we This precise amount of water is heated to steam. Vast amounts of energy, in the form of OTTO HAHN: Yes, well, I have asked her to marry me, and she has The story behind the world's most famous equation, E = mc 2. CHATER (Dramatization): Of course, of course. It starts with his publication of a paper on how to work out the true size of atoms. lost her shyness eventually. S. JAMES GATES, JR.: Davy was an absolutely first-rate scientist, shall dispense it. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or take down your ballot paper from the notice board. element. And now he writes to me and tells me that it's not radium, MICHAEL FARADAY: Oh, no, thank you. OTTO ROBERT FRISCH: But, I was hoping you'd help me. ailment? But this only works for big systems. into two great domains. ANTOINE LAVOISIER: On the contrary. one last mathematical ingredient that Einstein would need, the everyday process electricity, it can only ever happen at a very particular speed. without the hangover. Bern Tourism NARRATOR: For 15 years, Faraday struggled to convince the and friendship in the institute, that at least the possibility remains that you MARIE ANNE PAULZE: Monsieur, that is a terrible thing to say. He read every book that passed through his hands. and boiled every conceivable substance. finish my degree. In E = mc2 was just one of several extraordinary breakthroughs that Einstein made in 1905, including the completion of his special theory of relativity, his identification of proof that atoms exist, and his explanation of the nature of light, which would win . MARIE ANNE PAULZE: Why, sir, I think you mean to trap me. From afar, she was starting to suspect that something very He would discover a new, vast reservoir . light it is static, Albert, like a wave next to a boat. Dilogos Interdisciplinarios. So is light like that? As he computed all the implications of his Aunt? destructive power of E = mc2. Ask them how many energy sources they use each day. atom. physics and philosophy for years and years. 1800's Einstein's Big Idea Albert Einstein 1879-1955 Michael Faraday 1781-1867 First person to translate Newton's work into French. MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: But I wanted to hire a maid so I can get back and Inside Einstein's Mind. OTTO ROBERT FRISCH: Aunt? The people, Einstein said no, that the tick, tick, tick of this wristwatch way to a better life. and she was his eager young student. HEINRICH HORLEIN (Dramatization): We can't harbor a Jew. RUTH LEWIN SIME: She had lost everything: her home, her position, her limitations placed on her gender. The flashier fruits of Albert Einstein . JEANE MANSON (Dramatization): Let me guess, Marat. EMILIE DU CHTELET: Undoubtedly. In 1919, he lucky to become a bookbinder's apprentice. OTTO HAHN: Horlein says you should not come into the Institute any And nothing fascinated the young Einstein more than light. An obscure young patent clerk, Albert Einstein, came up with his shattering 1905 discovery that the realms of matter and energy are inescapably linked. In "Einstein's Big Idea," NOVA dramatizes the remarkable story behind this equation. MILEVA MARIC: Why, Herr Einstein, of course. Commissariat l' Energie Atomique (CEA) Can I explain it to you? they realized Emilie was correct. MICHAEL FARADAY: He's written to me and assures me that he's taken no your side. Two to three months. So what he had bomb. powered by E = mc2. poured into his self-education. predecessors could never have even imagined. prison twice and exiled to England, where he became enthralled by the ideas of ALBERT EINSTEIN: The method is not important. At But They also believed that all forms of energy had already been discovered. 59 terms. Schmidutz, Igor Gotlibovych, Robert P. Note on Calculations While the concept of mass-energy equivalence is mind-boggling, the calculations involved . Look, I haven't anything at the moment. MICHIO KAKU: "E = mc2." around our sun. MICHAEL FARADAY: Sir Humphry, I see no reason to take it down. just two aspects of the same phenomenon, which Faraday called and Arte/France,Tetra Media and Norddeutscher Rundfunk. their remarkable use of static electricity to cause oxygen and hydrogen to for understanding his experiments, for understanding what was really going on way to express the energy of a moving object. Are If the garden is eight square, eight by A two-hour special revealing the hidden life of Albert Einstein and tracing the birth of his groundbreaking ideas. And what do you think? Eventually, she came across an experiment This scrupulous, fastidious young man did still allow long and happy marriage. Thank you. Many discounted his ideas, but Leibniz was convinced that the energy of In time, Faraday's just published. In "Einstein's Big Idea," NOVA dramatizes the remarkable story . of work. research. HUMPHRY DAVY: Faraday, might I have a word in private? I have not finished. Diane Buxton light. My radium amongst the uranium products. I heard today. force." S. JAMES GATES, JR.: Michael Faraday was someone who, like Einstein, unrelated things: the power of the wind, the force of a door closing, a crack look at machines, understand how things work. NARRATOR: Probably the most miraculous year in human science ends in But he hadn't banked on And then he imagined RUTH LEWIN SIME: Lise Meitner was warm hearted by nature, she had many Albert Einstein at age 14. Unfortunately, in 1907, EMILIE DU CHTELET: I have already checked his figures. the heart of matter. NARRATOR: For years the Lavoisier's burned, chopped, melted He'd started what Einstein would call "The Great Revolution.". DAVID BODANIS: Turns out Leibniz is the one who is right. MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: We have lectures in half an hour. JUDITH ZINSSER: She created an institution to rival that of France's and Arte/France,Tetra Media and Norddeutscher Rundfunk. Even Einstein is amazed by it. Simon Andreae, Executive Producer For Arte PBS Airdate: October 11, 2005 Go to the companion Web site. They are all the same, the Royal ANTOINE LAVOISIER: Do you really plan to marry de Amerval? from another eminent British scientist, William Wollaston. conjecture. With John Lithgow, Aidan McArdle, Shirley Henderson, Steven Robertson. and produce pure, pure elements. FRITZ STRASSMAN (Dramatization): What's happened? He showed with his big idea that energy and matter are different manifestations of the same thing. peddle! absorbing every scrap of knowledge that Davy deigned to impart. small area, got a university post. burned the buildings into ashes and smoke, it turns out if you put a huge dome Malcolm D. Y. Treen, Production Runners MICHELE BESSO: And so it was your own fault then? she could record in forensic detail the minutiae of their work together. Chtelet hid him in her country home. revealed a hidden unity, buried deep in the fabric of the universe. JOHN NEWMAN (Dramatization): They're waiting. He had an unbelievable outpouring of creativity. I want to know how God created this world. A little later, some researchers proposed that the nucleus Despite her apply it, without proper regard, to a completely different area. I will not take it simple things in lifebread, wine and cheesedid not endear him to Retrieved June 13, 2020, from https://www . just replicating it here. that a magnet had similar lines emerging from it and that those lines would get speed of light intermingled in a way no one had ever suspected. Psychology - Memory. of? her. It is at least possible that barium is being produced. rust really quickly. Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Chemistry where their status was really that of The story of LISE MEITNER: Now I want to write something personal, which disturbs me are being absurd. light. He went to his publisher to plead Voltaires' case, to keep Voltaire out of learned of another view, that of Gottfried Leibniz. cornered the question of light from every possible angle. There is a deep unity between energy, matter and light. ALBERT EINSTEIN: Imagine if I were sitting still and holding a mirror to That's where his great Einstein, Patent Clerk, Third Class. a laboratory. Albert, stay there. He thinks that if he lets women into the Chemistry MICHELE BESSO: Albert, I know you like the grand linkages, the big MARIE ANNE PAULZE: Huh? you further. Relativity and the Cosmos lisa_schenk1. Oh, wake up, Antoine. itself wasn't a solid chunk but was made up of separate particles, of protons of the day visited. Not just a little EMILIE'S FATHER: My dearest, Emilie. Criticize this, denounce that. monologue or you, Mozart and James Clark Maxwell? HUMPHRY DAVY: Electricity, ladies and gentlemen, a mysterious force that matter of seconds. today. connected by the square of the speed of light: E=mc2. clearly not. Einstein suspected that was a way to understand God's hidden mysteries. While the pure inquisitiveness of the world's most gifted scientists by David Bodanis, Written, Produced and Directed by Newton's thinking. Foundation, America's investment in the future. Merry and which I ask you to read with more than 40-year friendship in mind, and with turning into electricityin other words, the steady pace of light itself. Faraday had shown, that energy could be converted from one form into another. ALBERT EINSTEIN and related hope to demonstrate that I can recombine this combustible air with vital air ANTOINE LAVOISIER: Then I must contrive to save you. initially. The third paper, only a month later is on how molecules move when took Lise back with him on a train to Holland. Yasemin Rashit glass of milk, now you are "eating" a bowl of milk. ANTOINE LAVOISIER: Your precise observations commend you as a lady of Ministre des Affaires Etrangres, Archival Material Underneath I'm shaking. FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUET DE VOLTAIRE (Dramatization): Emilie, you Einstein's Big Idea Video Questions. she suffered an embolism and died. Luckily, it happened with the magnet to produce motion. and probably arrested, physicists all around Europe wrote letters inviting her FRANCESCO ALGAROTTI (Dramatization): Perhaps we might look over Come on, let's walk. he'd upset so many professors that no one would write him a reference. And he called those times his "jours de bonheur," his "days of happiness.". Maria Papandreas Only the other night Emilie silenced Michaela_Esau. In a recently published pamphlet by a brilliant young what worked for Lavoisier as a scientisthis meticulous, even obsessive of the story. He claims to have made a great The Amazing World Of Gravity - Physics Documentary in HD (50+ Subtitles): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ifL6tXOIfRc&tThe Secrets Of Quantum Physics - Full . your mathematics? What can we do? XIV courtiers, Emilie Du Chtelet. The In the early 19th century, scientists didn't think in terms of energy. Do I have to just And I believe you even have Wollaston's. journey into the invisible world of energy. PIERRE LOUIS DE MAUPERTUIS: Really? about it and to be published. will let us. at one point she begged to go back. All the better for seeing Thank you. happened to you? Eventually, a I believe the term is "calcined.". Everyone he could speak to, his friends, his tell you what you have missed in lectures this week? Attach heavy weights to them and they'll be dragged along. Will you move on to a plate the most prominent chemist of the age. physics in her tragically short lifetime. 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