We had to take a step back to say, Okay, is this actually what we want the product to be? When youre growing quickly, its important to keep the environment creative and fun. Because its so fast, we ask engineers to deploy their changes as soon as theyre merged. This type of equal access and authority on a multidisciplinary team allows for astonishingly synchronized and speedy product development that can scale as a company grows. Almost on schedule, but not on purpose. This year, we have ten teams focused on product development and four teams focused on technical infrastructure. And Slack uses a mix of small team triads who work together with other teams within their organization. Its a balance among aligning product goals, coding efficiency, and morale., You can have all these names, but every org is unique, adds Steven Chen. If you do it based on features, then youre going to be perpetuating those features whether theyre useful or not. Your company vision is what you want the world to look like in five-plus years outcomes are the team mandates that will help you get there. They really care about reaching a lot of people. Decommissioning a team is often the harder side of this equation, but there too, let your product vision serve as a touchstone. He dove into data and computer models, analyzing the number of canceled stays, forecasted upcoming cancellations, calculated the amount of revenue lost, and organized hosts by the strictness of their cancellation policies and size (small hosts got top preference). You can work from home or the officewhatever works best for you. If Golden could share just one organizing principle, it would be this: Design your product teams around outcomes, not features. Airbnb follows a holacracy model, or a sort of flat organizational structure, where teams are organized for projects, to move quickly and iterate fast, thus keeping a lean and flexible approach. Engineers are involved in goal-setting, planning and brainstorming for all projects, and they have the freedom to select which projects they work on. They also have the flexibility to balance long and short term work, creating business impact while managing technical debt. In December 2020, Airbnb IPOed surging 112% on its first day of trading, and has climbed 13% since (the S&P 500 is up 27%). Bored with the projects and slow pace, he joined an education tech company in San Francisco. Share . Some maintain it with meticulous attention, others just let it happen and hope for the best. He walks through the decision-making framework that he uses to allocate the hottest of commodities: engineers. This modular team structure is how Airbnb has managed to keep the spirit of an early-stage startup as its grown into a tech giant. Blecharczyk is Airbnb's digital construction manager. Today, the company is reassembling an internationalization team to tackle its latest new markets. In our team, no one is ever too busy to help. Any engineer can contribute to any part of the codebase. Todays employees might value way more flexibility and remote working, rather than open floors, and on-site perks. Model in hand, Blecharczyk deployed the $250 million in three weeks. Thats a new team. But two months later, the initial infrastructure was up and running in Cuba. "I ask, what are the critical problems for the long-term success of the Airbnb where context, credibility, data, and tech are going to be crucial. Then solve for the organization: how will you execute? Leaders are coaches to that team, but dont sit within the team. "It's important for the long-term. Its always a tradeoff. Its common etiquette to be present in our engineering chatroom as you deploy your changes. The team structure you pick for your engineering organization will have a massive impact on its effectiveness and productivity. Change is constant, and never easy. But its emblematic of the elastic, vision-driven product management approach that has allowed Airbnb to reimagine travel. However, if I start with people, I tend to find a suboptimal solution for the business., Atlassians Stephen Deasy always goes back to first principles. Otherwise the business wont endure for the long term, says Golden. Anybody can push back. Theyre very responsive and flexible. They can transition into management when theyre familiar with the code and development practices and, more importantly, when it feels like a natural move. In other words, rather than operating as a separate identities, individual groups within the global lodging company cooperate and support each-other to a great extent and this feature can be specified as one of the main advantages of Airbnb corporate structure. An accessible, easily internationalizable, mobile-friendly datepicker library for the web. The respective vice-presidents reports to the CEO, Brian Chesky, who then reports to . In that process another value is to leave it better than you found it. For that, youll need one more building block: A consistent framework for setting and measuring goals. But most trips on Airbnb have more than one person and once it was in use, we saw that we werent actually addressing the real need, which was for sharing favorites and choosing the best place to stay as a group, says Golden. And as with Cuba, once those systems and platforms were in place, the tasks of maintaining them were once again distributed across the rest of the organization. All these teams follow some version of the basic structures, but theyve experimented and tinkered and iterated a lot to find a system or model that works for them. The key to postmortems is obviously to not point fingers. Having served over 800 million people through our platform, our Mobile Engineering team is committed to creating a seamless native mobile experience. Being able to decide whats impactful is possible with a clear company strategy to guide the decision-making process. Airbnb follows a holacracy model, or a sort of flat organizational structure, where teams are organized for projects, to move quickly and iterate fast, thus keeping a lean and flexible approach. To create a more uniform and efficient process, Blecharczyk gathered leaders across Airbnb's divisions and spent a year creating a digital product with features that hundreds of local governments wanted most. "It gave me tremendous confidence and set me on this path of entrepreneurship.". Atlassians approach to remote onboarding. In this exclusive interview, Golden describes how to build high-impact, modular teams driven by actual needs. Defaulting to an attitude of support and celebrating others successes. They are responsible for finding and doing high impact work. There are two tracks by which engineers can progress in their careers: management and individual contribution. Post-mortems heavily inform proactive work we do to make infrastructure more reliable. There are also tools that let towns give out permits, find illegal rentals, and hotlines to report violations. As the company matures, he's been busy building systems to beef up trust and safety. Its a way of life at Atlassian. (2019) Holacracy, Available at: https://www.holacracy.org/what-is-holacracy, Interpretivism (interpretivist) Research Philosophy, Segmentation, Targeting & Positioning (STP), https://www.theinformation.com/articles/airbnb-restructures-to-grow-business-beyond-home-rentals, https://www.holacracy.org/what-is-holacracy. How do you know if youve achieved product market fit? They work to define and prioritize impactful work with the rest of their team including product managers, designers, data scientists and others. Your product vision and the team outcomes it spins out arent pie-in-the-sky talk reserved for board meetings and investor pitches. Weve evolved from there, but we kept the core of how the team operated., Theres no feeling of rank within each team and no room for prima donnas. Done right, the work of these three types of PMs forms a loop that makes the difference between a billion-dollar company and a one-hit wonder. No team works the same way, or needs the same things. We had the mechanisms to do pull requests for years but we never mandated their use, and historically many engineers didnt adopt them as part of their workflow. There is a huge difference between somebody who has built something and somebody who has maintained something, says Golden. Im sure Mark Zuckerberg, in the early days, didnt think Facebook was going to be as big as it is today, Golden says. It was a herculean task for everyone who worked cross-functionally. While building modular product teams, startups also need to staff for their stage. First, know your team. So once again, Blecharczyk, Airbnb's tech-savvy cofounder, had to turn Chesky's big idea into a workable plan. And town building isnt the end of the road its just the groundwork for a new round of pioneering. While the resulting TypeScript code will compile, manual revision of a few . Payments includes people from finance, Internal Tools includes people from customer experience. He hit upon two key insights. Engineers have freedom to change teams when the work in another group more closely aligns with their interests and ability to drive impact. Transparently discussing the results of that process is, too. You have to communicate it all the time, says Golden. Navigating and celebrating the complexities of our individuality. (See sliders graphic below.) The company comprises of six subsidiaries and 75 executives working for 18 different departments. They handled all guest and host interactions after the booking and tackled many issues around reservation alterations, refunds, and cancellations. Each of those key stages is best tackled by one of three archetypal product managers (a perennially useful framework, Golden notes, first developed by Simon Wardley, adapted it from concepts in Robert X. Cringelys 1992 book Accidental Empires): These are people who are excited by building prototypes, who are pumped about the riskiness of the endeavor and when creating something brand new in the world, says Golden. Originally published at nerds.airbnb.com on June 5, 2014. ", Forbes Assistant Managing Editor: Founders. Since the dark days of the early pandemic lockdowns, Airbnb has surged. Gennaro is the creator of FourWeekMBA, which reached about four million business people, comprising C-level executives, investors, analysts, product managers, and aspiring digital entrepreneurs in 2022 alone | He is also Director of Sales for a high-tech scaleup in the AI Industry | In 2012, Gennaro earned an International MBA with emphasis on Corporate Finance and Business Strategy. "As an engineer, I've always been good at taking something that's high level and abstract and boiling it down into a program," says Blecharczyk, "You must break the problem down into bits and pieces and take action. Blecharczyk wrote the original code, built financial models, created Airbnb's payment system, and hacked Airbnb's growth into top markets. This is one example, but there are countless others including how we adopted our project management tools and bug tracker. They can also work with technical visionaries where the product manager can steer the vision to realize its practicality for the broader product team. Teams will be bought in to accomplishing a goal, not bringing a particular feature or product to market. Giving away $250 million to a potential 4 million hosts was trickier than it sounds. (Airbnb stayed mum on other factors). Should your team move to a four-day workweek? "You should always strive to hire someone better to put yourself out of a role, especially in a fast-growing organization where there's no shortage of things to do.. A Better Way to Build. How you work is just as important as the work you're doing. Every project should improve our technical foundation. To get at the crux of all this forming, storming, and norming, we reached out to these engineering pros: Asanka Jayasuriya, SVP of engineering at Invision; Steven Chen, Engineering Director, Platform Ecosystem at Slack; Tina Schuchman, Director of Product and Engineering for Ecosystem at Dropbox; Karl Mendes, former CTO of Darbysmart; and our very own Stephen Deasy, Atlassians Head of Engineering, All Teams and Platform. For instance, technology teams might be organized around front-end or mobile development specialists, matrix teams are cross-functional but report to different managers, and product teams are cross . Before Google, Ari was CTO at Yahoo!, where he led the 8,000+ engineering and product team and was responsible for all product development. Does it change our peoples behavior in a positive way? Armed with a new product vision, one informed by data, the team reinvented Wish List as a collaborative tool for planning trips (and saw a significant jump in usage). They exist to get obstacles out of engineers way. By the time the tool was relaunched this year, the product vision had been torn down and rebuilt. By then, Blecharczyk was majoring in computer science at Harvard. When you do this, you end up wasting a lot more time. To pull this off, well operate off of a multi-year roadmap with two major product releases a year, which will keep us working in a highly coordinated way. Obviously theres a bit of push and pull, and you need to make sure you design an organization that has clear goals for each product area as well as the right leaders to lead these areas. They have different skills and experience, and moving people around might have unintended consequences. Team Structure. The five key features of Airbnb's new . "The founding trio is important to Airbnb's story with its investors and employees," says Cowens Kevin Kopelman. His original title at Airbnb washead of all things technical, andover the last 13 years, he turned the ambitious ideas of his art-school-trained cofounders into functioning Airbnb products. Airbnb cofounder Nate Blecharczyk at the home-sharing giant's San Francisco headquarters. And thats a clear cue to look at re-aligning the teams resources. For Golden and product leadership at Airbnb, that process looks something like this: By the time you reach the bottom of this flowchart, resourcing decisions may not be easy, but theyll be clearer. How you work is just as important as the work youre doing. His latest project, City Portal, is a collection of tools and data dashboards meant to mend Airbnb's often fraught relationships with local government leaders. Culture, tech, teams, and tips, delivered twice a month. Of course, at the time that was maybe 20 people, says Golden. The challenges for the engineering team includes high-availability, quick-scaling, etc. For example, its routine for a product-focused team to contribute to improving our infrastructure in the workflow of their projects. You cant achieve a real culture of iteration without accepting failure. These product managers are much more focused on impact. And he explains why when everyone is working toward a clear company objective having teams that expand and contract actually keeps you aligned. While the island nation had always been effectively closed to Airbnb, the reestablishment of diplomatic relations with the U.S. in 2015 opened a door a door the companys leaders wanted to walk through quickly. If you go through that process, then the team gets much more comfortable with the reason things didnt work out as well as they thought, says Golden. Nate Blecharczyk, Airbnb's technical cofounder, created the $100 billion home-share phenom's software and marketplace blueprints. For the most part, nobody is saying Im fine, I dont need to grow. People feel like their work can be contributing to the product, to the community, and in a high-growth company thats usually true. Product managers, then, need to work with founders and other company leaders to establish priorities. Our ambition required us to rethink some of the ways we worked. Their work is the foundation of a data operation as they take large amounts of raw data and prepare it for others who make business decisions, write prediction algorithms, and the like. At age 12, Blecharczyk was home sick from school when he found a programming book and taught himself simple scripts. When youre pushing toward product/market fit, youll need a very different type of PM than when youre scaling or, later, when you achieve scale and move on to platform initiatives. Change is always happening. Teams are too often considered static things and should be more dynamic. For example, when a new individual contributor and EM leaders join, they bring in new practices and new processes. Most times they are highly analytical and have an uncanny ability to work hand in hand with data science. We dont want to build in different directions, but we also dont want to be so standardized that we miss out on better tools and methodologies when they emerge. But, executives can get uncomfortable because they sometimes dont know whats getting built, they only know what problems need to be solved. Code reviews are an old but a good example of this. I can make small adjustments if they make a big impact to key people. You need to constantly revisit and challenge core fundamental assumptions to make sure that youre making the right decisions based on what we know as factual today, says Golden. At the core our philosophy is this: engineers own their own impact. If a team needs to communicate something to the rest of the company, it selects the appropriate lead a data scientist, for example, would communicate the results of a major A/B experiment. By nature, a team a good team understands that it should do things for the benefit of the team, not strictly to adhere to some organizational model. The goal should be to develop a culture of high trust and a willingness to iterate and make adjustments. "I was the editor of the process, making sure that we weren't making decisions prematurely and getting the team to think bigger," says Blecharczyk. Now theyre able to think so much more expansively about connecting the world in a very meaningful way. Either way one fact remains: good culture creates an environment where people can do their best work, bad culture is soul-destroying. Engineers collect and manage data, and manage storage of the data. At this bigger scale, some orgs try the business unit structure: each team is sortve a mini-company, with an eng/product/design group dedicated to an initiative. Airbnb created an algorithm to block high-risk rentals and set up a policy that puts restrictions on the properties that folks under 25 can rent. Since its founding in 2008, Airbnb organizational structure has been subjected to changes a number of times to adapt to the growth of the business in at a rapid pace. Whether youve identified a team thats understaffed, have surfaced new problems that cant be addressed by existing teams, or want to double down on a nascent opportunity, dont shy away from moving people where theyll be most valuable. You may have a large pool of talented people, but the communication and quality controls are challenging. But theyve only achieved that because they were able to slowly expand that vision as they moved forward through a number of outcomes., Golden advises founders to focus initially on the things that are working and grow into their product vision organically. Data engineer. Tell me a time when you did something non-scalable to jumpstart a product. My personal approach is to start with product goals, then align this to the people I have on the team. Thats not a coincidence; founders are typically their companies first product person the ultimate pioneer. Parties have since declined. These are all trade-offs you have to think about when moving people into different teams.. Pinterest, the first visual discovery engine, is a creative website, and their blog lives up to the theme. Every day, Hosts offer unique stays and experiences that make it possible for guests to connect with communities in . ", As Airbnb grew, Blecharczyk moved from engineering head to Chief Strategy Officer. For each of these questions, youre looking for responses that are both thoughtful and concise. Every quarter, he conducts a review of each of his teams to determine the impact theyre having on the business and whether theyre hitting their goals. Was it a flaw in the product vision, strategy, goal, metrics, or resourcing? Every company has some kind of culture. Too many teams skip this step because they want to get to the concrete work and not waste their time with touchy-feely goal-setting. Early on, the team was unsure whether to focus on increasing customers or home listings. (See sliders graphic below.) Content Strategy Lead. Additionally, when the engineering KPIs . That responsibility falls to individual contributors and this means that engineers are driving technical decisions and holding each other to high standards of technical work. 1. The standard etiquette here is borrowed from the open source world: someone from the team that maintains the codebase youre touching should review your changes before you merge. Lowering the barriers to good behavior with tooling catalyzed the teams cultural change. When our process changes it happens organically from within the team. CEO Chesky is the hard-charging leader who directs customer experience, fundraising and publicity. Previously Ive been an engineer and manager at many companies including Facebook and Yahoo. No pre-existing model that you copy will fix all problems. We also had the most productive two-year period in our companys historyall while working remotely. Today marks the rollout of the most ambitious update to our Airbnb app a new entirely mobile way to explore the hosts, homes, and neighborhoods of our community. Since design is at the core of what we do, he says, we feel design needs an equal seat at the table. A common challenge in this traditional three-legged setup, however, is decision-making. But whether you bring it to the table yourself or hire for it, this is the type of PM energy a company needs at the start. . Other executives include Nathan Blecharczyk, Co-Founder and Chief Strategy Officer; Joe Gebbia, Co-founder and Chairman and 5 others. "We want governments to feel empowered and not frustrated with us," says Blecharczyk. But since the interactions between hosts and guests are what make Airbnb special, these teams contribute to their counterparts roadmaps, share goals, and partner up on projects, while retaining enough separation to build specific expertise about their constituents use cases and needs. The main goal of an engineering team structure is (or should be) to balance trade-offs to maximize effectiveness. (McCann, 2015) Airbnb's effectiveness can be seen by their streamlined platforms and revenues. When we discover a better way of doing things we facilitate awareness of the idea then let it stand on its own merit until it catches on (or doesnt). The main goal of an engineering team structure is (or should be) to balance trade-offs to maximize effectiveness. Embrace transparency, foster a sense of belonging, form connections and have fun along the way. Its simple enough to fit on a single page and every employee at Airbnb knows how their function relates to the big picture. Moreover, in an iterative product management culture, individuals have less to fear. Each conflict created a one-of-a-kind problem for Airbnb, sapping time, money, and resources. "How do we design a program that takes care of hosts and also has the right controls, so we don't get over our skis in this time of great uncertainty?" When you have a team of strong problem-solvers, the most efficient way to move the company forward is to leave decision-making up to individual engineers. What makes Airbnb special is that our culture connects engineers to the company mission and to each other more strongly than anyplace else Ive seen. If theres one driver of team structure, its executing at scale. The best ideas come from close collaboration. Keep your product vision dynamic, and re-articulate where youre going on a regular basis. Sort of the highest tier of Airbnb. Structure around strategy first, he says. Data engineers are a core part of a data analytics operation. As teams form, and reform, its really important to know why youve decided to try a certain team structure. That includes access to the analytics data warehouse, weekly project updates, CEO staff meeting notes, and a lot more. How to structure an engineering team is a question thats been covered at length, from the strengths and weaknesses of common team structures to a matrix of organization based on risk and scale to why you should choose your own model. But knowing when and how to change from one setup to another is complicated, and engineering leaders are compelled to evaluate their team structures regularly. Any number of Airbnb teams could have added the Cuba project to their existing workload, but given the unique challenges of entering the highly restricted market and managingmoney transfers, that would have taken too long. Crossed wires and missed connections good communication among teams is tablestakes for effective teamwork. The, What Is Samsungs Organizational Structure? All repositories are open to all engineers. Dont be afraid to repeat yourself. It scales up through product, and has peers in every branch. In many orgs, design often isnt given equal weight. And their explanations should dovetail with the cadence, speed and culture of your company. React Native is an open source framework developed by Facebook that allows JavaScript developers to create familiar React components that work across web, Android, and iOS development environments. What are you trying to accomplish? Theyd highlight some of the most helpful or thoughtful code reviews they had seen over the week. In fact, it is encouraged. The Power of the Elastic Product Team Airbnbs First PM on How to Build Your Own, How Catalysts Change Minds and Drive Product Adoption. Combined, these touchstones propel teams into more fertile territory. For instance, technology teams might be organized around front-end or mobile development specialists, matrix teams are cross-functional but report to different managers, and product teams are cross-functional teams who report to the same manager. Everybody has the same ownership of impact across data, design, engineering, and product. Maybe. Without a strong technical background, their influence in that process can lead to poor results. And like any good startup leader, Golden knows that the key to keeping his teams humming is constant communication. And to scale, you need settlers. We default to information sharing. Airbnb's sprouted up in every major US city. How to spot them: Town planners must be able to synthesize large amounts of disparate information to build technology that will service existing and unanticipated use cases, says Golden. For the last two years, Airbnb has been using React Native to accelerate development of their mobile platforms. Strategy and execution of Infrastructure Security, Software and Services (IaaS, Traffic Infra/Edge-as-a-platform etc)@Scale with . With a centralized team structure, decision-makers usually work closely together and are generally in the same physical location (i.e. You should always strive to hire someone better to put yourself out of a role, especially in a fast-growing organization where there's no shortage of things to do. 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Pie-In-The-Sky talk reserved for board meetings and investor pitches think so much more on... Can steer the vision to realize its practicality for the engineering team includes high-availability, quick-scaling etc! In that process is, too orgs, design often isnt given equal weight of high trust and a to! Potential 4 million hosts was trickier than it sounds say, Okay, is this actually what we to... Up wasting a lot more time idea into a workable plan they exist to get out.